Social media are digital platforms that enable users to interact by sharing content, ideas, and expressions within an online community or network. Users typically generate content like text posts, comments, photos, videos, and other data during their interactions. Profiles managed by the social media organizations connect users with other individuals or groups, fostering the development of online social networks.
These platforms support collaboration and the enhancement of human connections, allowing people to document life experiences, gain knowledge, establish friendships, and promote various entities and concepts. Social media can also serve as a channel for accessing, disseminating, and exchanging news.
Major social media platforms with vast user bases include giants like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn, among others. The list extends to include services like YouTube, TikTok, and WhatsApp that emphasize video sharing, instant messaging, or other forms of communication, depending on how broadly one defines social media. Additionally, wikis represent a sector where collaborative content creation occurs.
Social media differs from traditional media such as newspapers and television in terms of content quality, scope of reach, frequency of updates, user interaction, relevance to the audience, and content permanence. These new media platforms engage users in a two-way dialogue, unlike the one-way broadcast of old media.
Sex differences in education
In the realm of education, gender differences often surface, highlighting disparities that can affect both men and women throughout their academic pursuits and beyond. Globally, men typically have higher literacy rates, yet in numerous countries, women surpass men in this regard. Presently, women are more likely to earn degrees in higher education than their male counterparts. This marks a significant shift from past trends where men generally received more education. Importarily, the gender education gap has closed in recent years, particularly in Western and various non-Western nations.
The Gender Parity Index is a crucial tool used to measure school enrollment levels between genders. An index value approaching one signals gender equity. Values below one indicate a higher male enrollment, whereas values above one demonstrate higher female participation.
At the global level, there are several factors contributing to gender inequalities in education as identified by UNESCO, which include poverty, geographic isolation, minority status, disability, early marriage, pregnancy, and gender-based violence. Remarkedly, while more boys remain unschooled worldwide, women constitute two-thirds of the 750 million adults lacking fundamental literacy skills.
In developed countries, substantial progress has been made to ensure equal access to education for both women and men in the last few decades. Currently, there is parity in primary and middle school enrollments between girls and boys. European nations in particular have noticed a trend with girls frequently outperforming boys in secondary education. In efforts to further bridge gaps, African and Asian countries have implemented certain measures such as quotas and scholarships specifically for girls to advance their opportunities in higher education, thereby ensuring safer prospects for long-term employment.
List of advocacy groups in Canada
In Canada, advocacy groups are organizations that push for particular societal, political, or economic causes to benefit various groups of people. These groups operate with the aim of promoting specific causes that are considered to improve the conditions or rights of their target audience. This could include a wide range of focal areas such as accident prevention, animal rights, anti-poverty measures, retirees, civil liberties, community development, environmental conservation, drug abuse prevention, humane treatment of animals, conservation of natural resources, neighborhood development, peace, public interest concerns, social services, taxpayers’ rights, and support for tenants.
These organizations may raise funds by asking for contributions or by offering memberships. They differ in size, from very small groups with fewer than five members to large ones with over 500 people.
The government has also taken steps to make it easier for charitable advocacy groups to operate. In the 2018 Budget Implementation Act (Bill C-86), recommendations were adopted that allow charities to be more active in public policy dialogue and development activities (PPDDA or P2D2A), which are in line with their charitable objectives. This was a significant change from the previous rules, which were more restrictive about the advocacy activities of charities. Now, these organizations are enabled to engage in advocacy, so long as it serves their charitable purposes, although there are still prohibitions on certain types of advocacy work. This evolution of the rules displays the acknowledgment of the important role that advocacy groups play in forwarding their causes within the frameworks of Canadian society and law.